Health Care Financial Accounting Essay Example for Free

Health Care Financial Accounting Essay It is essential in any business, not just health care to understand how finances directly affect the growth, success and longevity of the business and all its parts. To truly understand how finance affects business it is important to gain knowledge and understanding of how the business generate revenue ,the cash flow of money that comes into the business, how bills are paid and money leaves the business and how investments are made in the business that can directly and indirectly impact the financial growth of the organization. In health care organizations there are different factors that come into play in the financial department but ultimately the process of generating revenue and paying debts are the same as any other business organization. The following items will be addressed in the review of Patton-Fuller financial statements: Annual report, including Patton-Fuller financial statements and relationship between revenue sources and expenses on Patton-Fuller’s financial performance. How did the audited and unaudited financial statements differ? In general the audited reports are more formal than the unaudited reports. The audited report includes the company’s history, a CFO report, a message from the CEO, and a report of independent auditors. The audited and unaudited financial statements differ slightly in data in some areas for Patton- Fuller Community Hospital. Under the assets section in the numbers for patients accounts receivable numbers differ slightly from 2009. In 2009 on the unaudited report it provides the data of 59,787 and on the audited it has 58,787. This also leaves the total current assets and the total assets to differ slightly for 2009. On the audited report total current assets for 2009 are 127,867 and on the unaudited report it has 128,867. On the unaudited report the total assets for 2009 are 588,767 and 587,767 on the audited. Under the total liabilities calculations the retained earnings for 2009 differ slightly. The data for 2009, on the unaudited report gives 126,564 while the audited report gives  125,564. What is the effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital? The effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital are that it is variable and could adjust as the reports get audited and could change year to year. Revenue comes from a few different sources and can be located on the financial statements and reports for the year. According to the information on the balance sheet, the sources of the â€Å"Other Revenue† are third party payers of patient bills. For the income statement, the revenue is used to calculate the operating income and ultimately the net income. The Net Income value is factored into our â€Å"Statement of Owners Equity† report to give us our end of the year value for retained earnings and stockholders equity. Net patient revenue is the first and foremost source of income for Patton-Fuller Hospital. Other sources of reve nue come from borrowing monies, equity from stock or capital, and company assets. In 2008, the net patient revenue was $418,509 in the audited report. The total other revenue for 2008 accounted for $2,805 in the audited report as well. These amounts did not change from the unaudited report. The net patient revenue for 2009 was $459,900, and other revenue was $3,082 for that year. For Patton-Fuller Hospital, the income statement shows the total revenues increased by $41,668 from 2008 ($421,314) to 2009 ($462,982 Upon further reading on the reports we find that the total expenses goes over the amount of revenue the hospital is bringing in. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424 and for 2009 it was $463,293. ). However, since expenses continued to exceed the total revenues, our net income remained a net loss in 2009 ($373). So the overall effect of the sources on the hospital is that the hospital is going in debt because they cannot match revenue with expenses as part of the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). How are the hospital’s revenues and expenses grouped for planning and control? The Patton Fuller Community Hospital’s statement of revenue and expense is grouped for planning and control as it is itemized out by the different types of income and expenses. Patton-Fuller Hospital groups all revenues into two categories for planning and control, the first category is net patient revenue, and the second is other revenue. Other revenue can be broken up into sub categories like revenue from assets, capital, and stock but I believe the idea of bunching them together is so it is easier to stay organized. This gives managers a clear picture as to what type of services  are receiving the most income and causing the most expenses and designed to make it easier to calculate the total net revenue from the two main sources. Expenses are broken up a little further in the financial statements; expenses are broken up by salaries and benefits, supplies, physician and professional fees, utilities, other expenses, depreciation amortization (non-cash expenses), interest, and provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts would also include any changed due to being audited. These are broken up further to show where the money goes each financial period for future planning and helping to predict future expenses; this information can assist a manager in planning future budgets and in making financial adjustments to increase revenue and decrease expenses. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424, and for 2009 they were $463,293. In 2008 the difference between the revenue the hospital brought in versus what their expenses were was $16,110. The difference in 2009 was $311 from what there revenue was verses what their expenses were. The detailed way in which the expenses are laid out allows an individual to clearly see where finances are going and highlight any warning signs that a certain department or service is costing the hospital too much and needs to be re-evaluated. Conclusion After reviewing these statements it is a clear picture that Patton-Fuller Hospital had a undeniable difference in the 2008 versus the 2009 financial statements. The numbers and financial ratios show a decrease in revenue and no improvement for the overall growth of the hospital. A good practice for the hospital’s financial managers is to regularly review the financial reports and statements to help project and plan for the differences in the audited and unaudited reports for Patton-Fuller hospital. References Apollo Group. (2013). Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Virtual Organization [Multimedia]. Retrieved from Apollo Group, HCS405-Health Care Financial Accounting website.

Levinas on the Border(s) :: Teaching Education

Levinas on the Border(s) ABSTRACT: This essay explores my own situation of teaching philosophy in a more or less traditional undergraduate setting but in a way that is especially relevant to the theme of this Congress, namely, the theme of "philosophy educating humanity." In my case, I teach philosophy but from a perspective that is non-traditional and which undercuts the standard questions originating from and orienting around a "philosophia perennia." Specifically, I teach philosophy of religion from the perspective of Jewish philosophy, and even more specifically, from the perspective of the French Jewish philosophy of Emmanuelle Levinas. Moreover, I teach philosophy in an educational environment that is representative of the greater global community because I teach at the University of Texas at El Paso, situated on the border that separates the United States and Latin America. Finally, my teaching situation is one that is further marginalized because of the precarious nature of my academic position, name ly, trained outside the traditional borders of philosophical faculty and working at first as a part-timer and only recently as a full-time, non-tenure track teacher of philosophy and humanities. Hence, I offer my experience of doing work of successfully teaching philosophy "on the borders" in the hope that others gathered here will be challenged to think differently about their own way of educating others. What follows is about teaching the philosophy of Levinas, on the Mexico/USA border, on the border of a traditional discipline of philosophy (the philosophy of religion), and on the border of academia--as a non-tenure-track, non-traditionally trained Lecturer in Philosophy and Humanities at the University of Texas at El Paso. The relevance of these three interrelated themes for the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, whose theme is "Philosophy Educating Humanity," should be at least initially obvious, but a few preliminary remarks should clear up any confusions about my title. Most important of all, my scope is broader and deeper than the stated regional or academic limits. I contend that how I do what I do where I am at, and with whom I teach and learn has inter-national and inter-cultural significance which justifies inclusion of my remarks in an international Paideia forum. As a non-Jew with a degree in Religious Studies, I teach the philosophy of Levinas, a French-Jewish philosopher, in a relatively traditional Program of Philosophy to Spanish-speaking-Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, and Anglo-Americans. Moreover, I do so in the predominantly Christo-centric and conservative cultural climate of the border region of El Paso, USA and Juarez, Mexico.

Psychology As A Science

Psychology being categorised under the name science, can often lead to disputes within the field of sciences. Psychology is the observation of behaviour and thought process of the human mind, within itself it is a vital source of knowledge, such as how biology, chemistry and physics provides a source of knowledge that is vital to humans and the environment. Science can be seen as the study of natural behaviours and physical aspects of the world, this definition within itself accompanies itself with the idea that psychology is a science, as behaviours are studied within the field of psychology.Eysenck and Keane (2000) believed that to make something a science it must have the following features, controlled observation, in which a specific manipulation is observed to see the effects. Secondly objectivity, as when data has been collected objectively it reduces the possibility of bias, thirdly testing theoretical predictions, because if a theory is not tested there is no evidence to prov ide if it is right or wrong.Fourthly is falsifiability, which means the scientific theory has the potential to be proved wrong by evidence, fifthly is the unifying theory which is every subject within the sciences has a unifying approach all theories are based off. Finally there is the fact of is any research conducted replicable, as it is hard to rely on studies that could provide inconsistent findings. Although providing clear guidelines on what makes a science, there are still some aspects which make the divide not as clear as believed.For example psychology uses the scientific method in some of the studies conducted, which is used throughout science for all research, so this aspect can be seen to make psychology a science. Too many the field of psychology is classed as a science; the science of the mind, as it looks at the most complex thing on Earth, the human mind, all theories on behaviours and thoughts stem from psychology (BBC, 2013).In many areas psychology and the three s ciences (physics, biology and chemistry) have similarities, for example, the sciences can be seen as reductionist as they try to take a complex behaviour or physical problem and break it down in to a simpler form. Many theories within psychology on similar problems can also be seen as reductionist as it aims to take complex behaviours and thoughts and break it down in to easier components to study.An example of this can be shown by Freud (1909), Freud believes behaviour stems from the unconscious mind, making it a reductionist as it does not take biology or other factors in to account. Reductionism can be seen to be an advantage when it comes to conducting a study as it means testable predictions can be created, and then can be carried out in a controlled experiment. Although by making a reductionist theory can also cause disadvantages such as falsifiability. Popper (1963) believed falsifiability was key to science, as science does not seek to prove its own theory right, but tries t o confirm it as wrong.This means that if a theory is un-falsifiable then it is not scientific, psychology in many sectors is falsifiable through problems such as reductionism, but there are also theories that are un-falsifiable as they are untestable such as many of Freuds (1909) theories display, for example the Oedipus complex can neither be proven nor disproven. As well as having issues with falsifiability psychology also lacks the objectivity needed for science to make it truly scientific, as without objectivity the research is prone to becoming bias.Even in experiments such as Skinners (1956) rat experiment can be shown to be subjective, because although the rat is pressing the lever and the lever presses are recorded automatically, it is still down to the opinion of the researcher on when he believes the rat has learnt by pressing the lever they get a treat. This can be counteracted on the bases that psychology has the unique position of studying the human mind which in itself is difficult to operationalize, as not all parts of the behaviour and thoughts can be measured scientifically, which unlike atomic mass or miles per hour in science can be.Science within itself can also come across problematic issues over control and objectivity. An example of this is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle â€Å"The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. † (Heisenberg, 1972) which means if something is precisely measured, and a hypothesis is believed to be true, it can often distant the researcher from the actual result. An issue with measuring investigations using the scientific method in general is it can restrict and affect answers within itself.An example is it can be argued that laboratory experiments are very artificial, so do not provide a clear picture of what would happen in real life terms. As well as sharing similarities with science on the basis they both have issues with control and objectivity, they both also share the same goals. They have three aims, the prediction, understanding and control over a study. Scientists and psychologists both put a theory forward, these theories in both cases lead to a creation of a hypotheses, this is the prediction.The next step is the understanding which is when you receive results from a prediction it should give the researcher and anyone reading the report a greater understanding of that subject. Control is the final step, the knowledge gained from the proven hypothesis provides knowledge which can be used to alter certain factors in the world. The three aims of science are according to Allport (1947), psychology follows these same three aims throughout studies, reporting and publishing work just as biology, chemistry and physics do.Throughout psychology the scientific method is used, but not in all areas although science has default problems itself with the scientific method. So it cannot always be said subjec ts within science always stick within the scientific boundaries themselves. Another point within psychology is psychology is a ‘new’ science, biology, chemistry and physics have been in service for a good period longer, so it may be in time more likely to be classed as a science.Nevertheless Miller (1983) would argue psychology is just a pseudoscience, an approach that claims to be scientific but does not have the key principles of science, he claims this can be dangerous as psychology is claiming to be a science, it provides the false ideal that their findings is ‘fact’. Although in comparison it could be argued that there is no ultimate knowledge of human’s behaviours and thoughts, so there must be a science to take over this role of discovering behaviours and thoughts.Science may study the physical aspects of the brain e. g. hormones that can be proven through empirical evidence, but it does not study the unknown areas such as behaviours, this is where psychology can provide answers. For example Piaget’s (1966) stages of development theory, that people develop starting at the pre-concrete stage and move throughout these stages until they reach the formal stage, science does not provide an answer for how humans develop in this sense.In conclusion psychology may seem like a vague  subject with no clear goals or guidelines, but it does have aims, its aim is to study the mind, the way people behave and think. Science still has unexplainable occurrences, that have no empirical evidence so in turn cannot be falsified, which in itself should make it not scientific. Psychology can provide answers for what science cannot explain, such as how memories are stored, psychology provides a theory for this whereas science does not. In conclusion psychology can be seen as a science to explain human behaviour that other sciences cannot.

Jimmy Hoffa Essay - 2308 Words

Jimmy Hoffa was a very powerful leader and president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehouseman, and Helpers of America, whose mysterious disappearance, suspected of being Mafia connected, on July 30, 1975 has never been solved. Hoffa was a major figure in the Supermob, the go-betweens of the upper world and the mafia world. As the Teamster president, Jimmy had two very important voters: his members and the gangsters that helped him move up the ladder to union success. Hoffa served his gangster associates by writing them into Teamster union power and Teamster union pension-fund cash. In his Supermob role, Hoffa did more to expand the affluence of the gangs and knit them into the fabric of American life than†¦show more content†¦2 Lois Linteau, a close family friend was the next to be questioned. Hoffa made a stop at Linteaus airport limo service at about 1:30 PM. Linteau and the limo service president, Cindy Green, had left ten minutes prior to Jimmys arrival. Hoffa allegedly drove on to the restaurant.2 At about 3:30 PM, Linteau received a telephone call from Hoffa. Jimmy had told him he was on his way to meet Tony G., Tony P., and a man named Lenny. Linteau said that Jimmy sounded furious on the phone. He also expected Hoffa to show up back at the limo service, but he never did. At 8:00 PM, Linteau called the Hoffa home to speak with Jimmy. When Josephine told him Jimmy was not there, he thought she was joking. He hung up with Josephine and called Cindy Green and suggested that the two of them go and wait for Jimmy with Josephine. They ended up spending the night. At 4:30 AM, Josephine woke Linteau up informing him Jimmy still was not home. Linteau and Green then went back to their office. Later that morning, Linteau went to the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox to look for Jimmy. At 7:20 AM, July 31, Linteau arrived at the parking lot and discovered Hoffas 1974 four-door green Pontiac Grand Ville. 3 He immediately called Police Chief Bill Hanger. Chief Hanger was not in, so he left a message and called the Bloomfield Township Police. They informed him he would have to wait until 8:00 AM to have someone check it out. By 8:15 AM, Captain James Keller of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jimmy Hoffa2384 Words   |  10 PagesJimmy Hoffa was a very powerful leader and president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehouseman, and Helpers of America, whose mysterious disappearance, suspected of being Mafia connected, on July 30, 1975 has never been solved. Hoffa was a major figure in the Supermob, the go-betweens of the upper world and the mafia world. As the Teamster president, Jimmy had two very important voters: his members and the gangsters that helped him move up the ladder to union successRead MoreJimmy Hoffa s Dead Body1203 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough a serious topic of the past, Jimmy Hoffa’s disappearance has become a light hearted joke that p eople share. Numerous articles have covered his case, both formally and informally. Neal Matthews’s magazine article, â€Å"Desperately Seeking Jimmy,† which was published by Boating Magazine on November 1999, described Matthews’s search for Jimmy Hoffa’s dead body. The article illustrates the author’s experiences during the search for Hoffa’s body. Matthews uses personal experience and visualsRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Jimmy Hoffa Essay3172 Words   |  13 Pagesand Fall of Jimmy Hoffa James Riddle Hoffa greatly changed the way America looked at unions and their members. Hoffa rose from the single parent teachings of his mom to an independent man who would fight for his people. 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The met at a restaurantRead MoreJimmy Hoffa and Unionism2016 Words   |  9 PagesHoffa and Unionism As an organizer for the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), Jimmy Hoffa made significant progress toward improved working conditions for truckers and was fore mostly responsible for the rapid progression and development of the union. With over 1.5 million members during Hoffa’s tenure as president, IBT eventually became the largest single union in the United States (International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 2012). Through interpretive reactive analysis, topical courseRead MoreThe Transformation of Mob Menaltiy into Individuality Essay2100 Words   |  9 Pagesthe late 1960s after the Vietnam War. Jimmy Hoffa, the leader of the successful labor union the Teamsters, was a hero to the mistreated trucking employees by gaining the employees benefits and respect. However, his escalating success led to his own personal turmoil. As a result of Hoffa’s mob mentality and deathly relationships earned Hoffa an infamous reputation, which could have change into a positive reputation with some guidance. If Ralph Emerson were Jimmy Hoffa’s trusted advisor, Hoffa’s teamstersRead MoreThe Teamsters Union1899 Words   |  8 Pageschange of the AFL-CIO, wanting the intentions to promote union growth. Jimmy Hoffa became a labor leader in the 1930s, taking the Teamsters Union as far as he could until he became president. Hoffa was an important part of the first national freight-hauling agreement. He was sent to prison in 1967 for jury tampering, fraud and conspiracy. He later became the president of the union s Detroit group. Hoffa tried hard to make an expansion for the union s membership and argue better rulesRead MoreThe United States During the 1970 ´s 1227 Words   |  5 Pages1975, James â€Å"Jimmy† Hoffa disappeared without any evidence of what happen. Jimmy Hoffa was a former Teamster President and made the strongest labor union in the country. Hoffa had a luncheon at Machus Red Fox Restaurant in Bloomfield Township, Michigan. Hoffa was meeting the men to try and regain his President position as the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Jimmy Hoffa lost his powerful position after being convicted in 1964 of jury tampering, conspiracy, and fr aud. Hoffa was grantedRead MoreLegal Status of Unions1385 Words   |  6 Pagesand negotiated its merger with the AFL-CIO in 1955 (Featherstone, 2014), George Meany (1894-1980), led the AFL from 1952 until he negotiated the AFL-CIO merger with Reuther, which he then headed 1955-1979 (The Federal Labor College, 2012), and Jimmy Hoffa (1913-disappeared 1975), who headed the International Brotherhood of Teamsters 1958-1971 and was instrumental in the union’s growth and success, but he was also involved with organized crime which was believed to be responsible for his disappearanceRead MoreLiterature Review : History Of Warrantless Searches1252 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal agent into his home and that the statements were â€Å"willingly† made to the agent. Finally, in Hoffa v. United States, a government informant relayed to federal law enforcement agents the many conversations he had with Jimmy Hoffa about Hoffa’s attempt to tamper with a jury.56 Because the informant did not enter Hoffa’s hotel room by force, was invited to participate in the conversations by Hoffa, and was not a â€Å"surreptitious eavesdropper,† the Court concluded that the Fourth Amendment had not

Government And The Government Of The United States Government

How many people are involved in a government decision to help a large bank? On the surface, it is a simple answer. Some might think just the banks and the government because that is who made the decision, and the banks are the ones that were helped by that decision. The United States government is comprised of leaders elected by the citizens. The United States government also relies on the taxes generated by these same citizens which help fund government programs, the military and many other things. A government bailout is â€Å"a situation in which the government pays or lends money to save a company or industry from failing† (Cambridge Business English Dictionary). The governments decisions to bail out banks in 2008 re-energized corporate†¦show more content†¦Debt this high drove all crediting to collapse because people could not make payments on their loans, due to the fact that they simply did not have the income to pay. This then created instability within the ba nks because the revenue necessary to continue was no longer there. All of things added together equated to the largest market crash since the great depression and governments intervention. Government help was seen as the only way to avoid a total economic collapse in the United States, although many thought it could result in a worldwide economic recession. On September 18, 2008 the 700 dollar bailout plan was proposed to congress. Fed Chairman Ben Bernake is quoted telling congress, â€Å"If we don’t do this, we may not have an economy on Monday† (The Housing Market Crash of 2007, 2011). This is when it became apparent that the government had a stake in this situation. When people begin questioning whether the United States economy will still exist, the government then has a huge role in the survival of not just the economy, but the entire country. The government is in a situation where it must decide how to protect the American economy, the citizens, the businesses, and the future of the United States of America. On October 3, 2008 congress passed â€Å"Emergency Economic Stablization Act† (H.R. 1424- 110th Congress, 2008) which led to the lending of 700 billion dollars’ toShow MoreRelatedThe Government Of The United States Government926 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States government was created by the founding fathers to allow men to be free, but to also have a governmental system that protects that freedom as well. The United States government is problematic. It goes above and beyond the necessity and, because of this, is dysfunctional at best. The government today has gone beyond protecting the rights of American citizens. It has become a large entity that is wholly useless. The government of the United States is too large, therefore, this createsRead MoreGovernment And The United States Government1869 Words   |  8 PagesGovernment has been a necessity for man for as long as recorded history, and this is because mankind cannot effectively regulate themselves. In the words of James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary† (51). That is not the case in today s society, nor will it ever be under those circumstances. Since government is vital to the success of the country as a whole, what way, size, or fashion would be the most efficient and beneficial to the people? TheRead MoreUnited States Government And The Government3865 Words   |  16 Pages United States government is established by the constitution. United States is a federal republic country. The government consists of a federal power led by the president. There are state governments to assist in the decision makings by the federal government. United States federal government is divided into three different branches. The constitution allows a separation of power among the government. Legislative branch creates laws. They also have the ability to declare war on other countriesRead MoreThe Government Of The United States Government Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesMadison Cissell MSU 176 Symposium Primary: United States Government Secondary: Tourism The United States government is the federal government of the America’s fifty states, as well as one capital district, and several other territories. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are settled by the U.S. Constitution in Congress, our President, and the federal courts (including the Supreme Court). The powers of these branches areRead MoreThe Government Of The United States970 Words   |  4 PagesReflective The government of the United States of America is founded upon the United States Constitution. This document was written by our forefathers in order to create a working democracy with hopes of being a nation in developing lives unable to convert into sovereignty. Basic rights established for people where powers are given to them. This power to the people is their voice. The electoral system, as we know it today, is called the right to vote. The people of this country fought for andRead MoreThe Government Of The United States1516 Words   |  7 Pagesto the Constitution, the government of the United States was known to be practically paralyzed and ineffectual, due to being exercised by the Articles of Confederation, which established a â€Å"firm league of friendship† between the states, and vested most power in a Congress of the Confederation. This power was, however, extremely limited — the central government conducted diplomacy and made war, set weights and mea sures, was the final arbiter of disputes between the states, but it could not raise anyRead MoreThe United States Government1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States government may not always be seen as a flawless group; however, it is generally more favorable than having corporations ruling over America. In Pills and Starships, Nat and her family do not have a stable government to rely on, and they are instead at the whims of the corps’ intense regulations, pharmacontrol, and sponsored massacres. The corps uses manipulation often in order to achieve their goal of rejuvenating the Earth so they can remain. In Pills and Starships, Lydia MilletRead MoreThe Government Of The United States1275 Words   |  6 Pages The government of the United States is divided into three parts- the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The vast amount of control within this government is split between the aforementioned three branches; and is also known as power. The definition of power as given by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is ‘[the] ability to act or produce an effect’, which in the instance of power within the government would imply the ability to produce an effect on the economy or wellbeing of the UnitedRead MoreThe United States Government1099 Words   |  5 PagesFor some people, it is difficult to understand how the United States government is laid out, what the three branches of the government are, or how they are different from one another. Those people may not understand how each branch keeps one another in line or how their duties are divided. Each branch has its own individual set of responsibilities and duties to make sure the government is run precisely and that th e rights of the citizens are respected. Learning about the three branches further beckonsRead MoreThe United States Government1309 Words   |  6 PagesBrianna Winn Mr. Smith English 111 18 May 2016 Fact or Fiction The United States government was formed to create a democracy fit for the idea that they would be considered â€Å"land of the free.† Unfortunately, throughout the history of several world wide events, the intentions of the â€Å"forefathers† have strayed to manipulate events and people. The government has been accused for many past years of lying when main events strike the nation causing many tragedies as well as causing emotional anguish on

John Cairds Vision for His Production of Hamlet Essay

John Caird’s vision for his production of Hamlet was to give it a â€Å"suffocatingly religious† atmosphere where â€Å"the set was part cathedral, part castle, part graveyard, part attic† (Bate 202). Together with set designer Tim Hatley, he succeeded. Amy Gamerman of the Wall Street Journal characterized the set as â€Å"dismal† and â€Å"vacant-looking.† The set was comprised of luggage, suitcases and old trunks that were stacked, torn down and restacked again in different ways to make different scenes. Presumably this element of the set serves the purpose of reinforcing the idea of Hamlet’s journey of transitioning from a life free of pain to a life fraught with the truth of his father’s death (Vivier 323). Unfortunately, Kate Levin of Shakespeare†¦show more content†¦Russell Beale’s Hamlet stood out for his gentleness and sweetness making Horatio’s â€Å"goodnight sweet prince† (5.2.332) all the more poignant. Though initially Russell Beale’s physique seemed an unnatural choice for the role of Hamlet, in the end his performance was critically acclaimed by most everyone. Though at the time Russell Beale was forty years old and not the slim young Dane audiences had come to expect, his performance was one of a kind according to Judylee Vivier of the Voice and Speech Review (323). She says that the unexpected death of Hamlet’s father throws him into such a sorrowful state that he â€Å"is vulnerable, open and present in the text† (323). Russell Beale plays Hamlet as the student who desperately wants to go back to the university in Wittenberg. His academic tendencies become clear as he constantly writes down words and phrases he appreciates in his journal. Judylee writes that Hamlet is obsessed with words because â€Å"they are all he has left† (323). Writing things down becomes his way of processing the tragic events of his life (Lloyd). Many have conjectured that events in Simon Russell Beale’s life affected his portrayal of Hamlet. James Harding of the Financial Times notes that Russell Beale’s mother passed away during rehearsals for this production. The death of his mother perhaps led the lead actor to portray Hamlet in a much â€Å"softer† way. This unfortunate circumstance may have driven his performance as the loss of a parent helped

Multidimensional Field of Healthcare Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Multidimensional Field of Healthcare for Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Flexible nursing skills are in high demand in todays world. The ever-increasing multicultural population in a particular region or globally makes it very important for the nurses to be knowledgeable about different cultures, customs, and other aspects that are different from the natives. Transcultural nursing is an essential element in today's healthcare industry. Not knowing a person's background poses a serious and significant challenge to nurses. Providing individualized and holistic care to the patients by the nurses requires the nurses to be aware and appreciative of the differences in culture in everyday life and health care, of values, beliefs and customs of each person. Cultural competency enables the nurses to treat the patients with superior care. Nursing research is needed to promote the trans-cultural nursing and ways to improve it (Aiken et al., 2013) In a census (2000), according to the United States Bureau of the census, it has been said that 30% of the total population in the United States, or one in every three persons is comprised of a different ethnicity and are non-Hispanic whites. This statics gives views of the multicultural population present. Additionally, the census also said that by the year 2050, 50% of the population present in the USA would be from different ethnicity. Approximately the 90% of the homogenous group of the nurses are Caucasian. Thus, the nurses have to be aware of different cultural backgrounds that help them to deal with people of different ethnicity. The holistic nature of the care provided by the nurses, which includes physical, psychological, emotional needs of the patients. As well as the spiritual needs of the patients. Nurses should be able to identify the needs and meet these demands of the patient, which will provide a good psychological back up for the patient. Care plans of the nurses shou ld have these needs of the patients addressed. The care plans should be changed according to the need of the patients. Optimal care for the patients is done when the nurses maintain the cultural competency in their daily care regime. This instills a sense of being known and cared for as an individual (Breier et al., 2015). Cultural Competence Nursing is a type of social work; cultural competence is a continual process of striving to become increasingly self-aware. It teaches nurses to value diversity and become knowledgeable about strengths in cultural differences. The nursing profession with a concept of the cultural competency helps to make the nurses more sensitive to issues related to culture, race, and ethnicity. Good communication skills, cultural assessment, and acquisition of the knowledge related to a patient background is the basis of the cultural competency. It is up to the healthcare professional to be sympathetic to the religious chains and work around them to provide care to the patient (Aiken et al., 2013). Developmental aspect: (Physical and Cognitive development) The patient is an African-American female who had a sudden fall in her house while preparing to go work. She was in good health before this accident. The patient after the accident is suffering from chest pain, back, pain and heartburn. These symptoms started from the day of the fall. She is also suffering from a severe headache and fever. The range of temperature if 101.4. Other symptoms include loss of appetite and feeling of dizziness. She was unable to describe other symptoms and denied further information. The patient said that she was taking over the counter pain medication. As a result, the pain would go away but come back after some time. The past of the patient revealed that she suffered from malaria when she was young along with stomachache and fever. She was also hospitalized because of an accident when she was young. She denied any other health issues including pregnancy and no abortion. The patient said that her immunization is up to date. The patient has a family due to which she have to take care of the family, and her daily work includes keeping the house in order, cook and clean. Her interaction with her family is very frequent, and her family supports her, her family includes father, uncle, aunt and sisters. The patient says she gets rid of stress using exercise, dancing, talking on the phone, hanging out with friends and so on. She has a responsibility to her family. The patient denies having taken any drugs, coffee or smoking. The patient says she lives in a safe neighborhood. She belongs to a well-to-do family, and her house has adequate heat and other facilities. Good access to transportation. She rarely ventured into community service. She seemed to be very reserved and cautious type of person Knowing patient history helps the nurses to communicate with the patient. Knowing what the patient is feeling helps to assess the state of mind and improvise the care accordingly. This enables the nurses to show and demonstrate courtesy, kindness, and sincerity. Empathy is an intellectual identification with experiencing the feeling, attitudes, thought process of the patients. Nurses who cultivate the art of the empathy, are very good and are aware of the other persons value, desires and beliefs. This helps in understanding the stages of development of the patients mental and physical health in a greater detail and helps to change nursing for the individual accordingly (Breier et al., 2015). Socio-cultural aspect in nursing: African-American culture is different from the European-American culture. The patient is an African-American in ethnicity. They have some distinct cultural and spiritual beliefs. Most African-Americans have a slave-rebellion and civil right movement background. Coming from a socially repressed background, they are sensitive to the behavior and attitude of people from the non-white background. This is an important aspect to know about the patient for the nurses. Firstly, most nurses are of Caucasian origin, and they have to know and tailor their behaviour accordingly. Secondly, the patient is already expecting a biased behavior so to connect to the patient it is very essential for the nurses to behave accordingly, with utmost respect and empathy towards the patient. The relationship between the nurse and the client should be aimed to enhance the well-being of the patient. The patient is very close to her family and has support from the family member. Socially she is very active; she e njoys dancing, talking on the phone and hanging out with friends. The patient is socially mature. The patient is also in a healthy relationship with her boyfriend (Education, 2014). The aspect of spirituality in nursing Claudia was born in Cameroon, brought up in the United States. Her religion is predominantly Protestant. Spirituality is a theme that gives the people a meaning and purpose in their lives. For many patients, this may represent family, friendship, achievements, and career. Addressing spiritual needs of the patient requires a genuine interest in the patient's lives; empathy is needed to connect with patients who are deeply religious. Spirituality not only deals with the religious aspect but also can have an effect on the psychological or mental well-being. A different interpretation of the spirituality can make the patient respond differently to the behaviour and attitude of the nurses. The churches of the African-American are called Black Churches. They are taught that in Gods eyes all people are equal and have equal significance, and the doctrine of obedience to God taught in white churches are seen as hypocritical, but they are accepted nonetheless in general population. African-Ame rican churches focus on the message of equality and gives a way of hope for a better future. This also comes from the history of slavery during the colonial times. Racial segregation plays an important role in the in the development of the African-American denomination. These socially diverse views from different people hailing from different background make caring for them a complex and challenging task for the nurses. Not just Christianity, African-Americans and other black community people makes up 14% of the Muslim ethnicity in the United States of America and Canada. Knowing about the religions and the religious beliefs of the patients helps the nurses in caring for the patients and understand the needs from the patient perspective. For example, if the patient is a Muslim, he or she may have to pray a certain amount of time, or keep fast according to the religious doctrines. It is the duty of the nurses to help the patient to lead an almost healthy life and having some semblanc e of normality during the days in the hospital. The patient gains a psychological boost about his or her recovery. Helping the patient maintain his religious beliefs makes them more amenable to the nurse's instructions and advice and in the end quickens there pace of recovery. Although the nurses are aware of the spiritual needs of the patients but sometimes the lack of clear definitions and clear practical guidelines makes the nurses very uncertain about the clinical care that is to be given to the patient. Spirituality is same as that of religion and is a mode of connection with other individuals in the community. It is a metaphysical aspect of society that binds likeminded people. Thus, connection of the nurse and the patient will be strong if they connect at a spiritual plane (Blais, 2015). Psychological aspect in nursing The patient belongs to a close-knit family and has their support. It shows a level of healthy domestic environment. The level of cognitive and emotional functioning is seen to be very stable. Due to this stability, it can be deduced that the behaviour, thought process of the patient would be normal and in co troll. The perception of the patient about the worldly affairs will reflect this stability. The pattern of speech, appearance, thought patterns to are seen to be normal. The psychological affair that the nurses have to deal with is the level of patient- nurse agreement or disagreement. The psychological nature of the patient determines how to deal with the patient. If the patient has a healthy and stable mental state, then it is easy for the nurses to treat the patient. But if the patient has an ill temperament then the nurses have to change or improvise their behaviour according. In case of violent patients, necessary actions have to take for restraining and sedating such a pati ent for providing care (Blais, 2015). Conclusion: Nursing is a multidimensional field of healthcare. They have to care for the patient need. The need and demand of each patient vary from each other, depending on place of origin, race, cultural and social views and beliefs. To cater to the need of the patients in this multi-cultural population, it is important for the nurses to know about various cultural and social beliefs. References: Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Sermeus, W., RN4CAST Consortium. (2013). 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